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Ukrainian National Symbols: Coat of Arms - Ukrainian Trident (Tryzub)

Coat of Arms

The national emblems — the coat of arms, the flag, and the seal — alternated during the millennium of Ukrainian history owing to various political, social, cultural, and other factors - a phenomenon common to many European nations.

The contemporary national coat of arms of Ukraine, Azure, a trident or, is the most ancient as well as the most dignified of all the Ukrainian insignia of nationwide significance and its emblazonment represents a synthesis of a preheraldic device of the ruling dynasty in the tenth century and of the oldest Ukrainian national heraldic tinctures from the 13th century. The classic form of the Ukrainian trident is found on the gold and silver coins of Volodymyr the Great (979-1015), the Grand Prince of Kyiv.

The problems of the origin and of the original meaning of the Ukrainian trident have still not been solved by scholars. The archaeological finds of tridents in Ukraine go back to the first century A.D. Undoubtedly this emblem was a mark of authority and a mystic symbol of one or of several of the ethnic groups which inhabited ancient Ukrainian territory and which came to compose the Ukrainian nation.

The trident became a hereditary preheraldic badge of all of medieval Ukraine and in almost every generation it underwent certain augmentations (e.g., more crosslets, crescents, pearls), and there are cases where the trident passed into a bident and vice versa. Tridents and bidents are found on many objects of that period: coins, stones, and bricks of significant buildings (palaces, castles, cathedrals, etc.), armor, signets, seals, official jewelry, ceramics, manuscripts. As a result of archaeological excavations and studies, the number of specimens of the trident, in various forms, has increased and stands now at about 200.

During the 12th century, the image of Saint Michael the Archangel superseded the trident as the highest national device, but tridents continued to be used by ruling houses as additional dynastic badges until the 15th century.

After the renascence of independent Ukraine on January 22, 1918, the trident was adopted, by a law of March 22, 1918, as the national device of the Ukrainian National Republic. It was adopted in the form of arreat and a Small Coat of Arms representing the classic trident of Volodymyr the Great in an ornamental wreath.